Muehrcke lines: A pair of observable, non- palpable, horizontal (transverse) white lines across the nail due to variable blood flow.There are three distinct types of apparent leukonychia that may be associated with the systemic disease: Heavy metal poisoning (eg lead, arsenic).Mees line, Lindsay nails, Muehrcke lines (see below), and punctate leukonychia may be associated with: Total leukonychia: can follow a more serious injury, often with detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed, and alteration to the nail contour.Striate leukonychia: also known as Mees lines or transverse leukonychia, may follow damage to the nail matrix furrows and ridges may also appear.Punctate leukonychia: occurs after nail biting, manicuring, knocks and bangs, and tight footwear use.Keratin disruption with trapped air within the nail plate, resulting in reflection and lack of transparency. True leukonychia: partial or whole nail plate damage caused by injury to the nail plate or matrix.Its presence may warrant a work-up for systemic disease. White nails can affect anyone of any gender, age or ethnicity. Important to note that congenital leukonychia may also be secondary to systemic disease (see below). Acquired: secondary to systemic disease.This is due to a mutation in the phospholipase C delta-1 gene in which all nails appear milky and porcelain white. Congenital: familial leukonychia is more commonly inherited recessively, although dominant patterns are possible.White nails can be acquired or congenital. Partial leukonychia: 3 subtypes are described.Total leukonychia: whitening of the entire nail plate.This appearance disappears with pressure application on the nail. Apparent leukonychia: secondary to disease of the nail bed.The white nail will not be hidden by pressure application of the nail plate to the bed. True leukonychia: discolouration due to abnormal nail plate keratinisation.Leukonychia can be subdivided into true and apparent discolouration. Leukonychia can be classified by underlying pathology, its distribution, or how it develops. Especially with white.Click here for more images How is a white nail classified? If you don’t go over it with two coats of paint, you’re going to see it. “If not, you’re going to see the imperfections: nicks, bubbles, ripples. “You have to do it the right way,” confirms Welch. “You can end up with high and low points in the sheen, and you can end up with an uneven color as well,” Kesselman says of the possible consequences of not priming. The verdict on priming, according to Kesselman and Welch, is that just because you can skip it, doesn’t mean you should, especially considering how unforgiving white paint is. Drywall dust, sawdust, and run-of-the-mill house dust all spread easily and far in a home and keep tape from fully sealing, thus creating unsightly texture under paint.ĭo: Apply one coat of primer and two coats of paint, if you canĪfter all the research on which white will strike the right tone in your space, those trips to the store, and more, it can be tempting to look for ways to speed the process along when it comes to painting itself. “Most of the time, contractors aren’t paying attention to cleaning or wiping things down,” cautions Welch. Wipe down the surface you’re painting, and any adjacent surfaces where you plan to apply painter’s tape. For good measure, wash your rollers and brushes (and allow them to dry) before dipping into your primer to make sure they’re free of dust and loose fibers.ĭon’t: Skip out on cleaning and dusting the surfaces you plan to paint You definitely get what you pay for,” says Welch. “Spend a little extra on, perhaps, a Purdy roller. This means that as you apply paint to the wall, fibers from the roller will stick to the wall, ruining your application. “Don’t waste your time on inexpensive rollers because those are the ones that typically shed fuzz and lint,” says Welch. Purchase quality paint tools for the best application. “It’s very subtle these are slight touches so things don’t look too plain,” he says. From there, he recommends a flat finish for ceilings, and a satin or semigloss for any trim features. I think that’s the most aesthetically pleasing, but it’s also the most forgiving because the flatter the paint, the more imperfections it hides on the wall itself,” Kesselman explains. “Flat finishes are most common on the walls.
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